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Sometimes Windows will automatically run a scan during startup, but most often you’ll have to do it yourself. You should also consider running it any time Windows has shut down abnormally-such as after a power loss or system crash. We recommend running chkdsk every few months as part of routine maintenance along with using a S.M.A.R.T. That may all sound very technical, but don’t worry: you don’t need to understand the ins and outs of how it works to know when you should run it. Chkdsk attempts to fix these problems by repairing soft bad sectors, and marking hard bad sectors so they won’t be used again. Bad sectors come in two forms: soft bad sectors, that can occur when data is written badly, and hard bad sectors that can occur because of physical damage to the disk.